Most commercial-grade photocopiers use dry toner applied by some version
of the electrostatic process. The inkjet process Ginny describes below
is used by inexpensive "all-in-one" machines.

Most versions of the electrostatic process include a combination of heat
and pressure, the purpose of which is to embed the toner in the paper
fibers.

However, the effectiveness of the process is dependent on the operating
condition of the photocopier. If the heating and/or pressure are
inadequate, the toner may be insufficiently embedded into the paper.

NARA has developed a so-called "peel test" for determining how well the
toner has been embedded. A short description of the test may be found at
the URL http://www.archives.gov/preservation/technical/peel-test.html
and the required test target is at
http://www.archives.gov/preservation/technical/target.pdf (these URLs
are valid as of 26 March 2008).

In addition to ANSI/NISO Z39.48 "Permanence of Paper for Publications
and Documents in Libraries and Archives" (may be obtained in electronic
format from http://www.niso.org/standards/index.html, valid as of 26
March 2008), there are three International Standards:
- ISO 11108:1996 "Information and documentation -- Archival paper --
Requirements for permanence and durability",
- ISO 9706:1994 "Information and documentation -- Paper for documents --
Requirements for permanence",
- ISO 11798:1999 "Information and documentation -- Permanence and
durability of writing, printing and copying on paper -- Requirements and
test methods"

The Library of Congress also offers a brief article on "Preservation
Photocopying" (URL http://www.loc.gov/preserv/care/photocpy.html, valid
as of 26 March 2008).

Best regards.

Fred
===================================================================
Frederic J. Grevin
Email: [log in to unmask]
Phone: 212.788.8615
 
-----Original Message-----
From: Records Management Program [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On
Behalf Of Jones, Virginia
Sent: Tuesday, March 25, 2008 14:59
Subject: Re: [RM] Archival qualities of recycled copier paper?

You need to also consider the ink when looking at life expectancy of
photocopies.  Most copier inks are heat applied and therefore do not
penetrate the paper fibers - making them less stable in the long term.
Take a look at the info on inks at http://www.wilhelm-research.com/.


Ginny Jones
(Virginia A. Jones, CRM, FAI)
Records Manager
Information Technology Division
Newport News Dept. of Public Utilities
Newport News, VA
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